PESTLE analysis of Tesco and Coca Cola - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1043 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Tax policies: Tesco has to make sure that they are paying their taxes and making sure that their staffs are also paying their taxes. Trade restrictions: Tesco also have to make sure that they adhering to any trade restrictions in place in the United Kingdom. Economic climate: Because of the economic climate Tesco could be struggling to give out jobs to people which means less stores across the UK and even stores having the possibility of being closed down to reduce spending. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "PESTLE analysis of Tesco and Coca Cola" essay for you Create order Interest Rates: As interest rates go up so do the cost of items that Tesco might be buying for instance in January 2011 The VAT is set to rise to 20% making goods more expensive. Exchange Rates: Exchange rates changing mean that importing and selling goods becomes different each time as the supply of importing goods changes. Cost of capital: The cost of capital allows Tesco to see if their business is doing well and if it can be changed. New businesses: this as it allows new businesses to expand whilst also introducing new products to the supermarket chain. A good example of this is the new microwavable meals. Changes in Fashion: Changes in Fashion means that Tesco needs to change their products this can be bad but it can also be good depending on how fast it is seen. This also relates to trends. Immigration: with a lot of immigrants from Eastern Europe there is a lot of demand for new goods to be put into the stores. Rate of change: The rate of which technology changes is fast at the current time which means Tesco have to keep in with it all. Training: Without the relevant training of staff they cant use the machines properly Online Shopping: Online shopping has made Tesco extremely popular whilst also making it possible to have fewer stores around the UK and making them able to deliver to places where people may not be able to get to the stores. Health and Safety Laws: This restricts to the things that Tescos can do within their stores. Data Protection Act: They have to keep all data they take of their customers protected. Age Restriction Limits: They have to make sure that all the workers in their stores are not selling age restricted items to under age people. Pollution: They have to make sure that they are protecting the environment in such ways of not producing a lot of pollution Recycling: They have to have policies in place about how products are recycled such as their carrier bags. Energy: They have to make sure that they are not using a lot of energy PESTLE analysis for Coca Cola Political Economic Social Technological Legal Environment Government standards: If Coca Cola doesnt mean the governments expectation then the company can get a fine which can range from a small price to a big price for the company. International laws: As a global company Coca Cola needs to be careful of the changes in things such as accounting and taxation as if they get this wrong it could ruin their international status. Global company: This is a good thing as if they are lacking in sales in one or two countries they could be making it up in different countries meaning that they arent losing money all the time whereas they would if only operating in one country. Interest rates: As rates go up it costs more to produce the Coca Cola as the price for the ingredients of which they need increases. Economic Climate: Due to the economic climate when it crashes it means that thin gs like Coca Cola do not get as much money as people cannot afford to spend money on buying these drinks in bulk nor singular as the price of them rises whilst the client will be struggling with money. Budget cuts: This means that jobs will become cut and that people will become un-employed leaving fewer jobs in the industry and less chances to open more locations around the world. Nutrition and health: When people get to the age of about 37 they start to worry about their health more which means the demands for carbonated drinks from companies like coca Cola decrease alongside their revenues. Diabetes: Some people with diabetes cannot drink sugary drinks such as Coca Cola therefore having the Diet version of the drink helps as this allows them to have more of it increasing sales. Underage drinking: When teenagers get to around the age of 15 they start to drink underage this stems the sales in companies like Coca Cola as it means they arent getting as many sales. New flavours: As technology advances this allows Coca Cola to try new flavours such as the Cherry Coke and Coke with lemon. This allows the Coca Colas revenue to go up and people want to try these different flavours. Training: due to the complexity of new technology some staff will require training to operate machines or will require experience this means that less jobs can become available. Machines over humans: As machines get more complex which allows them to do more things more humans are becoming redundant due to machinery taking their position. Ingredients: Coca Cola has to follow guidelines to how much of each ingredient they are allowed to use to allow safe production and to enable people to drink these drinks without becoming ill or addicted. Health and Safety: The factories of which the drinks are produced in have to adhere to any Health and Safety regulations that are set out to stop injuries happening. Patent: All products that are made by the company have to go through a patent pending before they are allowed to hit the shelves in shops and supermarkets. Environmental laws: Coca Cola has standards set in their factorys of which they have to follow to be allowed to produce their stock. Recycling policies: Coca Cola has to try and make their bottles are recyclable as possible without making the bottles a hazard to be drinking from this means that they might have to change the materials. Energy: Coca Cola alongside many companies try to have an energy efficiency policy to reduce the energy they are using therefore not polluting the environment as much as they need to.

Beast of the Southern Wild - 860 Words

The story within the film â€Å"Beast of the Southern Wild† can give the viewer a lot of knowledge of the culture they lived in and why the characters acted how they did in several scenes compared to what individuals from other cultures would have done. The film can be believed to happen in recent times, mostly based on the vehicles which people drove and the medical equipment they had in the refugee camp, possibly pre-Katrina, in a location called â€Å"The Bathtub†, but if the film was written to take place of a real location, it could be believed to be towards the coast of Louisiana. The main characters were Hushpuppy (daughter) and Wink (father). The film told a story of a young girl who was in search of her mother, but in reality it was her journey to learn to be free and along the way, find the courage to stand up for herself against her fears, with much of that influence being taught by her father, through the means of being tough to her, tough love as many woul d say He knew he wouldn’t be around much longer and was preparing her for the world once he wasn’t around to protect her. Those moments were seen such as when Wink shouted at the rain, though drunk, attempted to show Hushpuppy there was nothing to be afriad of from the rain. Many moments were also seen of Wink restricting Hushpuppy and other characters from cry, there was never any time to cry, even when she had to confront the beast face-to-face or when he was at the point of his death (Zeitlin). The film gaveShow MoreRelatedBeasts Of The Southern Wild Analysis1293 Words   |  6 PagesIn Benh Zeitlin’s movie, Beasts of the Southern Wild, a young girl named Hushpuppy lives with her father in a small community located in Montegut, Louisiana, known by the locals as ‘the Bathtub’ for its coastal erosion. The area is also isolated from the rest of the population on the other side of a levee. They are faced with periods of intense storms and flood ing, as well as long dry periods due to climate change, but their community survives together, helping and protecting each other, and livingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Beasts Of The Southern Wild 1474 Words   |  6 Pages The film, Beasts of the Southern Wild, tell the story of a rural community called Bathtub in Southern Louisiana to induce themes of classism and community ties. Behn Zeitlin does a great job reminding us of our connection with each other and the world around us. The Americana aesthetic of the film mirrors our hero’s resiliency in the face of destruction. At stake in this aesthetic and exploration of these politically charged themes is an interpretation on how we can connect to each other acrossRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Beasts Of The Southern Wild 947 Words   |  4 Pages Beasts of the Southern Wild. Dir. Ben Zeitlan. Perf. Quvenzhane’ Wallis, Dwight Henry, Levy Easterly, Lowell Landes, and Pamela Harper. Cinereach, 2012. DVD. In the movie, Beasts of the Southern Wild, the setting and story line portray life in the Bathtub as a struggle; however, residence of the Bathtub sees it as a way of life. A poverty stricken group of citizens making the best of what they have, and when they face hardships, the community comes together to support each other. The movieRead MoreOn Racism Essay727 Words   |  3 Pagesown image, in the image of God he created him, and male and female he created them. 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When there is no profitable use or need for an animal in the zoo it is considered a surplus. Surplus animals, if they’re lucky, will be transferred toRead MoreSundarban History1598 Words   |  7 Pagessaline marshes and tropical wetlands containing one of the worlds largest stretches of biodiversity-rich forests – the Bengalian Rainforest. These forests were one of the richest wildlife areas of the world, holding elephants, tiger, gaur, leopards, wild buffaloes, three species of rhinoceros, seven species of deer and a wide variety of other fauna. 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Its fossil specimens had long, slender bills ,and shortened upper wing s bones topped by a knob. Surprisingly, fossils were found in the southern part of Germany which was far away from the modern hummingbird territory. Hummingbird s aggression were shaped by sipping nectar as often as every minutes. They compete by challenging and bullying each other in mid-air; post up and pirouette

Management Strategies for the Automobile Industry - Free samples

Question: Discuss about the Report on Management Strategies for the Automobile Industrys Successful Brand, BMW on Customer Expectations in the Middle East? Answer: Introduction (Background of the study) The experience of the customer contributes in determining the brand name of the automobile industry and plays a key role to capture competitive market share. This research proposal is a challenge to analyze the concept of automotive branding. The branding of automobile captures the fundamental nature of an automobile industry from the point of view of the customers. Basically, it coherent the industrys value plans in terms of relation to the customers, product quality as well as culture The increasing focus on the satisfaction of the customer as well as loyalty helps an industry to rethink on their management strategies. The value of automobile industrys successful brand, BMW is vast as well as it is a tactical tool to attract all the customers. In the Middle East countries, there is a fastest rising of automotive brand at the ending of first quarter of the year 2011. BMW group is confident in achieving a large record in the Middle East. Research Aim The main aim of this assignment is to investigate the management strategies for the Automobile Industrys successful brand, BMW on the expectations of the customer in the Middle East area. The concept of automotive branding is strained ahead the existing models as well as practices across the marketing fields. Through the research, it is being seen that the automobile company will be able to study the buying behaviour of the customers. Based on the understanding of the perception of the customers, the companies can be able to determine the actions that are required to meet the needs of the customer. The market of the car changes due to fast competition as well as advanced technology. Therefore, the automotive manufacturer understands the preference of the customers on time as well as takes necessary actions to reflect the changes within the market quickly. Research objectives To conduct the research on how the automotive parts are to be handled To investigate the factors on the basis of what the customers choose brand To know the way of thinking of the customers that promotion are important in the automotive industry Research questions 1. Is the successful brand of BMW able to meet the expectation of the customers? 2. What is the significance of marketing strategies of BMW in the regions of the Middle-East? 3. What are the steps to be taken in the Automobile Industry to fulfil the expectation of the customers? Problem statement Due to appearance of globalization as well as liberalization there is a rigid competition among the industries of automobile that focus to capture the markets of Middle East. An automobile are not to be considered as luxury, it occupies the everyday part of life as well as becomes a necessity. The attitude of the customers changed towards the fact that yesterdays luxuries are the necessities of today. In order to become successful in the market, it is important to study the awareness of the potential buyers as well as track their drivers of those perceptions. Literature review It will review the recent studies and also research done in regards to make profits in the automobile industry in case they fulfil the expectations of the customers. Based on the marketing strategy of BMW, it adopts a marketing campaign to target their customers. It tells their customers that their branded cars give pleasure in driving than any other branded car. Research on this extreme pattern indicated that the successful brand of the automobile industry achieves the perception as well as loyalty of the customers in the Middle East countries Further research publicized that ethnicity, the image of the country as well as interpersonal organize serve as drivers of automobile purchase as well as phenomenon of consumption. Therefore, the consumer ends the equation of brand that is vital in building the brand of the automobile industry. The societal structure in the Middle East countries is to be highly networked. The individual perception of the customer on the brand image as well as its perceptive influences the potential customers. Due to those reasons, it is necessary to convince the customers to believe in products as well as connect the customers with the companys brand. The customers those feel that the business model of BMW as well as their brand values tend to continue loyal and engaged in increasing their manufacturing. Automobile is considered to be a need especially in the Middle East countries. It is important in those areas to own an automobile for convenience purposes. It is also important for the customers to appraise the variety of automobile that they need to purchase. The decisions are taken based on multiple factors like the requirements of the customer, safety needs, maintenance of budget. The consumer of the Middle East countries also becomes aware of their choices as well as quality of the automobile This study provides the overview of automotive brand in this area. In view of the strong competition in the market of Middle-East in the segments of lower, middle as well as upper-middle of the automobile brands, the rating of brand of BMW from the viewpoint of their customers is also discussed. The brand awareness level of BMW among the people is analyzed. Even it is the best brand that offers best manufacturing products may fail if it fails to communicate with their customers The study al so offers some important insight on the BMWs customer satisfaction. The brand of BMW is able to provide value to its customer and gain a better market share than any other automobile industries. Research Design and Methodology The important fact of research methodology is well defined structure and sequential approach that will help to complete the research work successfully. There are three types of research design; exploratory, explanatory as well as descriptive. In this research, explanatory design is chosen that will assist to understand the effect of the strategies of marketing of BMW on the expectations of the customers in the regions of Middle East. It gets the liberty to explain the nature of the research problem, purpose of the research with the experience as well as knowledge (Al, 2013). In this research, the methodology plays a role to build the framework of the research. This research is basically based on the research on survey. This research consists of research onion to identify the research method. The philosophies to be used to develop the framework are intepretivism, positivism as well as pragmatism. This research chooses the positivism to expand its research framework as it is appropriate for a deductive research approach. The analysis is based on the statistical analysis to compute the data (Dutton, 2013). It requires acquiring a set of overview such as causality to understand the data into simplest ways. The analysis of the research is based on the customer satisfaction to identify approval of the BMWs products (Eaton, 2013). It is based on highlighting the marketing strategy of BMW, features of BMW car as well as the overall satisfaction of the customer. In the analysis, both the positive as well as negative responses are evaluated. After the analyzing of the research, it is being known more about the strategies used in marketing or selling of the BMWs car. Research Onion Research onion demonstrates the stages that cover at the time of developing a research strategy. Each of the layers of the onion describes the stages of the process of research in details. It provides an efficient succession through which the research methodology is designed. The usefulness of research onion lies in its flexibility for any type of methodology and it can be used in diversity of contexts. The first stage of research onion is to understand the process of the research. Based on the objective of the research, it is to be done. Firstly, the research philosophy refers to the nature of the reality that is being investigated. It gives the description of the quality of knowledge. It mainly defines the process of undertaking the research. This research chooses the positivism to expand its research framework as it is appropriate for a deductive research approach. This approach develops the hypothesis on the theory of pre-existing as well as it prepares the approach of the resear ch to examine it. Mainly, this research consists of surveys, interviews etc. The surveys tend to use in the quantitative research projects. It also involves sampling a proportion of the population. Sample size will be less than 20 that tend to create the results where the respondents skew the results individually (Chen, Chen and Wang, 2013). In the quantitative research, the size of the sample is important. It produces the data that is quantitative and it can be analyzed empirically. In the quantitative research, the sample represents the larger population to do the analysis. The time horizon is the time framework in the project that is required to complete the research. A time table is required to provide a plan and allocation of the time to complete the proposed research. In this research, explanatory design is chosen that will assist to understand the effect of the strategies of marketing of BMW on the expectations of the customers in the regions of the Middle East. Research approach In the research study basically follow two different approaches. The two research approaches include deductive research approach as well as inductive research approach. Moreover, the deductive research approach generally discusses about the evaluation of different existing theories with the help of data analysis. On the other side, the inductive approach also discusses about data collection, observation, data analysis and different other techniques (Starcevic, 2013). In this particular study it mainly adopts the techniques of deductive approach. Moreover, the main reason in order to adopt the deductive approach is that this approach discussed about the research study with the help of evaluation of different theories about the factors that mainly influence the customer expectations (Strebinger, 2014). However, on the other side, both the data analysis as well as finding part of the research study did the verification of all mentioned theories in relation with the customer expectation and different strategies of successful brand awareness (Yazdanifard, 2014). Sampling method In order to complete this research study, the methods of sampling becomes one of the vital aspects, especially in order to gathering primary data by doing survey. Moreover, the sampling techniques in order to do the research study needed the appropriate adaptation of sample size, sampling techniques and sample unit. Moreover, in this particular study both the aims and objectives helps the researcher in terms of dealing the primary as well as secondary data (Chen et al., 2013). Apart from this, the main aim of doing the selection of simple random sampling is that it has no biasness and the sample is also chosen in the random manner. According to this particular research study it did the application of random sampling techniques depending on the context of research study (Chen, Huang and Ji, 2012). The sample size is taken as 10. Data collection method The data collection techniques mainly help the researcher to follow the right directions in the terms of achieving the expected outcomes. Moreover, the techniques of data collection can also vary from research study to another (Stapleton and Degitz, 2014). In the terms of collecting data various techniques of questionnaire, interviews methods are used. However, the objectives of the research are to do the evaluation of successful brand on customer expectations (Alshenqeeti, 2014). Moreover, data collection methods consist of primary as well as secondary data collection methods. Moreover, the primary data collection evolves the quantitative techniques as well as secondary data collected data through journals and blogs. The process of data collection begins with selecting a sample that is based on the customer group of BMWs (Ha, Djuraev and Ahn, 2014). The reason behind selecting the customer group is that they are people who join the brand awareness program. The needs of the customer are to be focused based on the marketing strategy of BMW. The questionnaire is designed based on close ended questions. The questions will be based on the marketing strategies of BMW to satisfy the customers. These questions are given to the customer to give their own feedback and the answers are to be collected on the same day (Hofisi, Hofisi and Mago, 2014). Then the analysis is done to identify the relationship between the customer expectations and other variables. It helps to decide if the successful brand of BMW as well as its marketing strategy meets with the expectation of the customer (Shepley, 2011). Ethical issues The research is focusing on the ethical issues. The survey will not consist of those people those have some mental problems. Through the survey, the research will explain the purpose of doing the research. The analysis should meet with the objective of the research. The participants will not be able to withdraw from the participation (Peters, 2011). The participants are allowed to keep the data secure as it is confidential. All the records of the data are to be kept for at least three months. Research limitations The problem arises in the form of constraints such as budget, scope as well time of the study. The problems that faced in the course of the research are that some of the customers are not willing to participate as well as aid the research. The unsteadiness concentration sets among the respondents at the time of answering long questionnaire. It leads to difficulty in preventing incomplete questionnaire (Papalambros, 2011). The limitations of the research are due to the method of sampling that is to be chosen, also due to data that is not accurate. The limited time budget causes a huge limitation in the study of the research. Timetable A time table is required to provide a plan and allocation of the time to complete the proposed research. In this research, explanatory design is chosen that will assist to understand the effect of the strategies of marketing of BMW on the expectations of the customers in the regions of the Middle East. The time of the plan is represented in a Gantt chart. It is the tool that is used to plan as well as schedule the project. It gives an opportunity to consider the time that is taken to complete the research. At the time the research is under taken, this chart is used to monitor the progress. At any given time, it can give the status of the research. Hence, the owner can take the necessary remedial actions to bring back on course. Gantt chart Task Name Duration Aug 15 Sep 15 Oct 15 Literature Review 15 days Research methodology 5 days Research approach 7 days Sampling technique 5 days Data collection method 15 days Findings and Analysis 5 days Recommendations 2 days Conclusion 2 days Final review 1 day Submission 1 day Reference List Al, S. (2013). Interpretive research design: concepts and processes.International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(4), pp.351-352. Alshenqeeti, H. (2014). Interviewing as a Data Collection Method: A Critical Review.ELR, 3(1). Chen, H., Yu, D., Wang, C. and Wang, S. (2013). An Adaptive Trust Sampling Method for P2P Traffic Inspection.International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing, 6(6), pp.103-116. Chen, S., Huang, K. and Ji, J. (2012). A Fast Sequential Acquisition Method Based on Frequency Sampling.Journal of Electronics Information Technology, 34(8), pp.1806-1812. Chen, Y., Chen, J. and Wang, W. (2013). Uniform Sampling Table Method and Its Applications: Establishment of a Uniform Sampling Method.Journal of AOAC International, 96(6), pp.1482-1486. DUAN, J. and CHEN, W. (2012). Ambulatory-assessment Based Sampling Method: Experience Sampling Method.Advances in Psychological Science, 20(7), pp.1110-1120. Dutton, W. (2013). The social shaping of digital research.International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(3), pp.177-195. Eaton, S. (2013). The Oxford handbook of empirical legal research.International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(6), pp.548-550. Ha, I., Djuraev, M. and Ahn, B. (2014). An Energy-Efficient Data Collection Method for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks.International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2014, pp.1-8. Hofisi, C., Hofisi, M. and Mago, S. (2014). Critiquing Interviewing as a Data Collection Method.MJSS. Papalambros, P. (2011). Design Research.Journal of Mechanical Design, 133(4), p.040201. Peters, T. (2011). Experimental Green Strategies: Redefining Ecological Design Research.Architectural Design, 81(6), pp.14-19. Shepley, M. (2011). Research Methods for Design Practitioners to Evaluate Facilities.HERD: Health Environments Research Design Journal, 4(3), pp.7-13. Stapleton, S. and Degitz, R. (2014). An Innovative Data Collection Method for Investigating Unresolved Pain After ED Discharge: A Pilot Study.Journal of Emergency Nursing, 40(6), pp.598-604. Starcevic, S. (2013). Research of brand personality concept in marketing.Marketing, 44(2), pp.149-172. Strebinger, A. (2014). Rethinking brand architecture: a study on industry, company- and product-level drivers of branding strategy.European Journal of Marketing, 48(9/10), pp.1782-1804. Yan, G. and Zhang, C. (2011). Simulation Research in Mutualism Behavior of Automobile Industry Cluster.Journal of Management and Strategy, 2(1). Yazdanifard, R. (2014). The Growth of the Automobile Industry.J Account Mark, 03(01). Zanutto, A. (2013). Handbook of constructionist research.International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(1), pp.87-89. ZHOU, H. and YE, J. (2013). Stratified sampling particle filter algorithm based on clustering method.Journal of Computer Applications, 33(1), pp.69-71.

Natural Rights Theory Essay Example

Natural Rights Theory Essay Natural Rights Theory Name: Course: Institution: We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Rights Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Rights Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Rights Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instructor: Date: Natural Rights Theory Natural rights theory is the belief that a person enters into this world with some basic rights that cannot be denied by any government, political power or even a constitution. Natural rights theory maintains that since individuals come into this world naturally, they have basic rights that no one can take away from them. The theory suggests that human beings as natural creatures should live and organize themselves in the society using basic rules that are laid down by nature. As natural beings, human have rights that not anyone can violate, with the main right being freedom. Further, the theory suggests that the rights are derived from the nature of man as a rational being, where the rights are necessary for his survival. In general, the theory states that man has rights granted or guaranteed upon their creation irrespective of any government manipulation, and exists across all nations, or are universal. These rights are considered to be above any law made by the government (Donald, n.d.) Natural rights are the freedoms that are established by an international agreement that imposes conduct on across all nations. The natural rights are very distinct from legal rights, which are the freedoms established in particular states and applies to that particular state. They are rights that all human beings have and are not limited by any artificial legal set-up, and not only apply to human beings, but other species. For instance, sea animals live under water by natural right and not from legal legislation dictating the same. Therefore, natural rights are those rights that cannot be change by any artificial legal legislation. Some examples of natural rights are the rights to life, ownership of property and freedom or liberty. Natural rights prevent people from certain practices such as torture and slavery, allowing them to defend their lives, liberty and property (Donald, n.d.). Natural rights theory closely relates to natural law theory. In the enlightenment age, the natural rights theory served to challenge the rights of kings and leaders, which created a justification of establishing a positive law, social contract and a government, which amounted to the legal rights. Thus, legal rights are derived from the natural rights, which also serve to challenge the legal rights when they go overboard. The legal rights were established with an aim of protecting the freedom of people, their property, and rights to live their lives as each person capable of reasoning wished to live. The natural rights theory states that all men are equal, and have the freedom to make their choices. Some of the theorists in support of the theory have stated that this is defined by the moral rights each person has, which come naturally from their free will and thoughts, enabling them to make their own choices (Donald, n.d.). The theory further suggests that human beings are capable of acting rationally and have the right to make their choices. this is to mean that anybody as long as they are adults capable of making choices have the right to do what pleases them without anybody restricting them. In addition, this would mean that everybody has a right to the particular right, and nobody would deny him or her the chance to exercise it. In addition, the theory suggests that people should act naturally, where people derive their morality. The theory suggests that morality is enshrined in the inherent nature of man, where he acts as nature in him dictates, the same way animals will act according to the nature driving them. Problems of Natural Rights Theory The natural rights theory like any other has several problems with many of its opponents criticizing it and do not regard it as correct. One of the problems with the natural rights law is different interpretations of nature, which is different across many regions and among different individuals. Thus, the notion from natural rights theory stating that natural rights are universal would not be true since people will have different interpretations of nature. Therefore, defining what is morally right would be difficult, making the natural tights theory quite problematic to understand. More so, human beings are very diverse, with capability of each having their own natural personalities. For instance, some people are generally aggressive and fearless while others are naturally timid. Since human nature allows them to have both, it would be morally right for an aggressive man to attack the timid one since they will be following their inherent natural personality and reasoning (Sullivan Pecorino, 2002). In addition, determining morality is hard due to such differences, where each individual will have his or her own reasoning on what is morally right or wrong. Natural rights theory suggests that acting in accordance with nature is morally right, while behavior not according to nature is morally wrong. For instance, when a man rapes a woman, there is nothing unnatural about it biologically. Therefore, this would not be considered an unnatural behavior, qualifying it as a moral right. This would be because the natural rights theory suggests that it is morally right for organisms to act in accordance to nature. Under such a notion, men considered aggressive would have a right to follow their natural desires and go ahead with raping women since it is natural for a man to desire a woman. This raises the question of whether men should act in accordance to their natural instincts or whether they should resist some of their inherent nature. Considering the above problems, the critics of the natural rights theory argue that even children are not innocent, and acting from their inherent natural personality, some will be aggressive on others while others will misbehave. Thus, the children go to school in order to learn how to tame some of their natural behaviors, meaning that natural does not always define morality since this would not be moral. In addition, critics of the natural theory suggest that in accordance with the natural right, people who commit some acts such as homosexuality, assault, killing among others would not be acting unnaturally; therefore, their behaviors would be regarded as morally right according to the natural rights theory (Sullivan Pecorino, 2002). Another problem is that the intrinsic nature of human beings that is concerned with establishing laws is not the same as the animals, which causes another difficulty with the theory. Natural law means following the inherent natural values where animals act as their inherent nature dictates. For instance, it is natural for a lion to kill a gazelle for food, and other animals, or for a cat to chase after rats and mice. On the other hand, man does not follow his inherent nature to the letter. For instance, it is known that man is selfish and always wants to have maximum benefits from anything, without considering others. This is not considered morally right according to the moral teachings, which means that moral teachings do not teach us to follow the natural values in us as dictated by nature like animals. Another problem of the natural rights theory is that majority of the suggested rights do not have prove, where it believes that natural rights comes from God after creating man. There is no way to prove that the natural rights are given by God. In addition, different people have different religions, meaning that the suggested rights cannot be universal as the theory suggest. This creates yet another problem for the theory, causing a lot of criticism from its opponents (Sullivan Pecorino, 2002). Bentham Rejection of Natural Rights Bentham is one of the major opponents of the natural rights theory, and rejects it completely, dismissing it as nonsense with the rights suggested not qualifying as rights. Bentham rejects the natural rights theory completely, and takes on the utilitarian moral view that considers the action with the best results for everybody. He suggests that human nature just as if science can choose the actions with the best value and benefit for people involved, with the main motive being pleasure and pain. He suggests that nature puts man under two aspects, pain and pleasure, where pleasure is the most desired people. Therefore, it is up to the people to determine what is to be done in order to realize the best result (Robnights, 2012). He attacks natural rights and suggests that rights are only created by the law. He further suggested that laws are just a command of the tow sovereigns, pleasure and pain. A government has to be present in order to have laws and rights within a community or stat e. Rights in his view are suggested to be in correlation to the duties that are determined by the law. The notion of having rights that are based on natural rights or those pre-existing an established government are considered wrong and rejected (iep.utm.edu, 2008). He attacks the natural law on his understanding of legal rights, and nature of the law. According to iep.utm.edu (2008), â€Å"the term natural right is a perversion of language. It is ambiguous, sentimental, and figurative and had anarchical consequences. Bentham suggested that natural right becomes ambiguous on the grounds that it makes a suggestion of general rights without any specifications to any object, and anyone could claim what has already been chosen by another. Therefore, exercising such a universally accepted right would mean eliminating the right itself, since what becomes a right to every man is not a right to any man at all. More so, he suggested that under such a circumstance of broadly and ambiguously implied rights, there could not be a legal system. His other attack on the natural rights theory is that natural rights is figurative, he suggests that there are no rights that are in front of the government. He says that the assumption that such rights exist seems to come from a theory of social contract where individuals form a society to choose a government by alienating certain of their rights. In addition, such a doctrine not only poses as unhistorical, but also fails to serve as a useful tool in explaining of origin of political authority. Further, he suggests that governments are risen form habit or through force, whereby, for contacts to be legally binding a government has to be in place in order to enforce the contracts. He goes further to suggest that natural rights theory is anarchical. He claims that such a right involves freedom from all moderation and particularly, from all legal control. Therefore, the natural right being in front of the law, this could only mean it cannot be limited by any law. With everybody having such freedom, the consequence would be pure anarchy considering human beings are aggravated by their own self-interests. Thus, having a right in a meaningful way requires that no one can justifiably interfere with another person’s right. This is to imply that a right must have the capability of being enforced, and such restrictions are the provision of the law. He concludes, â€Å"That the term natural rights is simple nonsense: natural and imprescriptible rights, rhetorical nonsense,—nonsense upon stilts,† (iep.utm.edu, 2008). According to Bentham, all rights are supposed to be legal and enforceable. Any right that is a right to every man does not qualify as a right since anybody can make a legitimate claim to it, meaning it is above other laws. According to him, rights are legal and enforced by government, and no right can be anterior to the government. He also suggests that all rights are supposed to be legal and specific, having an object as well as a subject, and cannot universal. He suggests that they are supposed to be made because they are deemed conducive or beneficial to the people. In addition, when their abolition would mean a benefit to the community governed by the rights, there should be nothing to stop their abolition. Thus, rights are supposed to be based on the two sovereigns as he suggested, pleasure and pai n with regard being given to the former. Thus, rights should only be made for the pleasure or benefit to the majority. Moreover, he claims that rights are supposed to exist under the law, with protection and enforcement by the government. Otherwise, rights outside or above the law are not rights, except reasons of wishing they were there. This rejection of natural rights has continued to gain influence across man countries and scholars, believing there are no natural rights as the theory of natural rights suggests. Bentham rejects the entire theory on natural rights on grounds of legal rights, suggesting that there cannot be one universally accepted right, and al rights have to be enforceable and specific, of which natural rights are not. Personal Opinion on Bentham Rejection of Natural Rights Theory On the rejection of the natural rights theory, I do agree to some extent with Bentham, although not completely. This is due to the problems posed with the natural theory that are hard to explain. In addition, the natural rights sound a little more ambiguous and unclear. For instance, the natural rights theory suggests that human beings should act according to their inherent natural personalities. Considering everybody has his or her own personality and free will, there would be chaos allowing everybody to act according to their natural traits. For instance, as mentioned earlier, those who are naturally violent will cause violence. This would be justifiable in the natural rights theory since they acted according to their traits, which comes naturally. In addition, due to diversity of the human brain unlike other animals whose inherent traits are not diversified as those of human beings. For instance, all the lions have their inherent nature as hunting to survive. On the other hand, hu man beings have diversified natural intrinsic values that they peruse, and with rights that allow every body to pursue their interests would mean having chaos since conflicts would be so many. Thus, having a legal law that governs or draws the line where no body is allowed to go overboard ensures there is order. However, on the issue that no right can be above the law, I do not agree with Bentham considering everybody has a right to life no matter what the government would say. Therefore, I do not agree with Bentham on rejecting the entire natural rights theory. The government has no right over a person’s life, and this is not enforceable legally considering life is natural and cannot be given by the government. The only thing that government can ensure is protecting of life to ensure that no body has a right to take a right to take away life. Therefore, I do agree with Bentham that rights should be made by the government, with the best interest of the community, and should be specific, and enforceable in order to maintain order that would otherwise be lost if people were given a right to act on their inherent perception. References Donald, J.A. (n,d.). Natural Law and Natural Rights. Retrieved from http://jim.com/rights.html Sullivan, S.O. Pecorino, P.A. (2002). Problems for Natural Law Theory. Retrieved from http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/pecorip/SCCCWEB/ETEXTS/ETHICS/Chapter_7_Deontological_Theories_Natural_Law/Problems_with_Natural_Law.htm iep.utm.edu. (2008). Jeremy Bentham (1748—1832). Retrieved from http://www.iep.utm.edu/bentham/ Robnights. (2012). Defining Utilitarianism. Retrieved from http://robnights.hubpages.com/hub/Philosophy-Notes