The First Atomic Bomb Exploded - 860 Words

The first atomic bomb exploded July 16, 1945. The bomb was so powerful that the heat generated by the blast was 4 times the temperature at the center of the sun, blew out windows in houses more than 200 miles away, and killed every living creature within a mile (Faragher, 721). Out of fear that the Nazi s might develop an atomic bomb, Franklin D. Roosevelt established a small nuclear research program in 1939. The president released resources to create the Manhattan Project, which was the American effort to design and build an atomic bomb (U.S. History Online Textbook). However, the Manhattan project wasn t placed under the direction of the average American citizen, but the Army Corps of Engineers. In 1942 the first chain reaction in uranium was produced by Novel Prize winner named Enrico Fermi. The following year, the government uprooted key researchers and their families, sending them to Los Alamos, New Mexico. Scientist were constantly followed by security personnel and treated like prisoners within their homes and community. As a result of this, scientists and their families formed a close-knit community with one another because of their shared need for secrecy and antagonism toward their army guardians (Faragher, 722). Sixteen million men and women left home for military service and to take advantage of wartime jobs (Faragher, 722). Roosevelt referred to this time period as a great arsenal of democracy, due to the vast recovery from the Great Depression. StatesShow MoreRelatedThe Manhattan Project1519 Words   |  7 PagesThe process of building the two atomic bombs was long and hard. The Manhattan project employed 120,000 people, and cost almost $2 billion. Although there were 120,000 Americans working on the project only a select group of scientist knew of the atom ic bomb development. Vice president Truman never knew about the development of the bombs until he became president. The axis powers did not know what was going on with the development of the atomic bomb; there was a soviet spy in the project. The sovietRead MoreThe Manhattan Project Essay545 Words   |  3 PagesThe Manhattan Project was a very important event throughout the World War II history. It began the development of the atomic bomb and other nuclear weapons that were of good help during the war. It first began with a German scientist separating the uranium atom, which made people be scared of what Hitler might be capable of. Also Hitler and his people had begun discovering new types of weapons that were useful for them in the war. Something that apparently Hitler did not quite think about, was theRead MoreThe Atomic Age869 Words   |  4 Pages but also save many lives. At this point, the atomic bomb began to be considered for the benefits it had when compared to a invasio n. As soon as Truman had approved the use of the atomic bomb, a plan had to be created. The bombings were planned years in advance, making the construction and design of the weapon possible. In 1942, after the United States’ Army had taken control of the project, it was decided that by the summer of 1945 the atomic bomb would be organized well enough for release; howeverRead MoreWhat Are the Positive and Negative Aspects of the Aromic Bomb?1520 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Only-Atomic Bomb The atomic bomb, also known as the atom bomb or fission bomb, a weapon whose explosive power originates from the fission of atomic nuclei, a reaction in which an atomic nucleus splits in two. When the nucleus of a heavy atom, such as the element uranium-235, which is what the atom bomb is made out of, is split, a certain amount of mass disappears and an equivalent amount of energy is released. This was expressed by the equation E=mc2 (energy = mass times the speed ofRead More The Manhattan Project Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesThe Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was the code name of the America’s attempt to construct an atomic bomb during World War II. It was named after the Manhattan Engineer District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, because a lot of it’s earlier research was done in New York City. An atomic bomb is a weapon that uses the energy from a nuclear reaction called Fission for its destruction. The idea that mass could be changed into energy was predicted by Albert Einstein in the earlierRead MoreEssay about Deciding to Drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan768 Words   |  4 Pagesdrop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, and Nagasaki because Japan attacked Pearl Harbor without warning. This occurrence happened at the end of WWII. America, China, and the United Kingdom joined forces to gain surrender from the Japan armed forces. The alliance, also called the â€Å"Manhattan Project,† tested an atomic device, and were able to make weapons based on two alternate designs. One was a uranium gun-type atomic bomb, and the other was a plutonium implosion-type atomic bomb. The 509thRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of The United States1358 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å" The atom bomb was no ‘great decision.’ It was merely another powerful weapon in the arsenal of righteousness.† This quote was said by Harry S. Truman the first President who used an atomic bom b. The program that was able to create this monstrous power was known as the Manhattan Project. Creating this weapon was their main priority. The United States was in the midst of World War 2. The atomic bomb is considered to be the main factor that ended that war. It was a race against the multiple enemiesRead MoreDropping The Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1073 Words   |  5 PagesIn an attempt to frighten the Communist Soviet Russia, two unnecessary bombs were dropped on Japan. The actions of the President of the United States (U.S.) at the time, Harry Truman, to deploy a nuclear weapon on a near-surrender Japan and two populous cities were viewed as unjust and hasty by the American people. Dropping the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was not necessary. In a brief summary, World War II (WWII) was viewed as one of the bloodiest wars to date. The Japanese belief of fightingRead MoreThe United States And Japan s Involvement1687 Words   |  7 Pagescouldn’t do anything but watch as the United States dropped the world’s first atomic bomb on his hometown. Three days later, while terror was still raging in Hiroshima, the US dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. While it may seem inhumane for the US to have used such powerful weapons on Japan, the US had many reasons to use such drastic measures. The United States and Japan s involvement in WW2 led to the eventual use of atomic weapons causing a series of devastating effects that changed JapanRead MoreHiroshima, By John Hersey1496 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Hersey once said, â€Å"What has kept the world safe from the bomb since 1945 has not been deterrence, in the sense of fear of specific weapons, so much as it s been memory. The memory of what happened at Hiroshim a†. Early morning on August the 6th 1945, the United Sates dropped atomic bombs into the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The â€Å"Little Boy† bomb which was equivalent to 20,000 tons of TNT, destroyed most of the city and killed about 130,000 people. There were few people who survived after this

A Conservative Response to Restorative Justice Essay

How would a conservative reply to a proposal for restorative justice? How would a restorative justice advocate respond to a conservative proposal for more prisons? Restorative justice is defined as â€Å"using humanistic, no punitive strategies to right wrongs and restore social harmony† (Siegel, 2008, p. 189). Instead of imposing harsh penalties on offenders like long prison sentences or even the death penalty, restorative justice calls for a more rehabilitative approach, such as reconciliation and offender assistance. Even though restorative justice has many supporters, it also boasts numerous opponents as well. In response to a proposal for restorative justice, conservatives largely contest the idea in favor of a more â€Å"get-tough† on†¦show more content†¦While many conservatives oppose the rehabilitative measures restorative justice offers offenders and demand more prisons and penalties, advocates for restorative justice counter this demand with research . Restorative justice advocates call for restitution rather than retribution. According to promoters for restorative justice, imposing harsh penalties on offenders and lengthening prison sentences is futile. â€Å"Critical theorists argue that the ‘old methods’ of punishment are a failure and that upwards of two-thirds of all prison inmates recidivate soon after their release† (Siegel, 2008, p. 188). While conservatives want to build more prisons and lock away more offenders for longer terms, supporters of restorative justice believe that a more rehabilitative approach is beneficial for not only the offender, but also the community. â€Å"The offender is asked to recognize that he or she caused injury to personal and social relations along with a determination and acceptance of responsibility. Only then can the offender be restored as a productive member of society† (Siegel, 2008, p. 190). Placing an offender in prison for any amount of time is shown to be harmful to the offender, their victim, and society. â€Å"Rather than reduce recidivism, harsher punishments may increase the likelihood of reoffending† (Siegel, 2008, p. 86). A conservative asking for more prisons would likely be met with a barrage of evidence explaining why restorative justice will andShow MoreRelatedRestorative Justice And The Justice System1044 Words   |  5 PagesRestorative justice has can be seen to have multiple definitions among the most used are: A) a theory of justice that focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior and B) an approach of justice that aims to satisfy the needs of the victims and offenders, as well as the entire community. The most broadly accepted definition of restorative justice, however, is a process where all the parties that have equal power in a specific offense and collectively come to a solution on how to deal withRead MoreA Comprehensive Recidivism Analysis By Outside Auditors Over The Past Thirty Years894 Words   |  4 PagesSteinberg, 2008 p. 83). Judge Lindsey and other progressives during much of the twentieth century believed in being parental role models, handling youthful offenders as neglected children whose welfare was of primary concern when the state intervened in response to their criminal conduct. The mantra of progressives and professionals for years has been that there are no wicked children, just inadequate parents or guardians; however, now there are psychiatrists w ho acknowledge that previous thinking was flawedRead MoreThe Background Of The East Timor Conflict1464 Words   |  6 Pagescountry prone to civil war between multiple political parties fighting to come in power. There was a fierce competition developing between the two main groups: Revolutionary Front for Liberation of East Timor (FRETILIN) and the pro-Portugal, more conservative Unià £o Democrà ¡tica Timorense (UDT). On 28th November 1975, The Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor resisted a Timorese Democratic Union coup attempt, and unilaterally declared independence. With the emerging cold war politics, IndonesiaRead MoreCrime and Victimology Essay2155 Words   |  9 Pagesprecipitation theory. Victimology has a four part method. First define the problem, second measure true dimension of the problem, third see how the criminal justice system handles the problem and lastly examine society’s response to the problem. Victimology includes the study of: victimization, victim-offender relationships, victim-criminal justice system relationships, victims and the media, victims and the cost of crime, and victims and social movements. The first study we are going to talk aboutRead MoreThe Department Of Homeland Security2700 Words   |  11 PagesAffairs. It has over 240,000 representatives. The Homeland Security Council composes country security arrangement at the White House. Different offices with huge country security obligations incorporate the Departments of Health and Human Services, Justice, and Energy. The Department of Homeland Security has gotten significant feedback over the exorbitant organization, waste, extortion, insufficiency, and absence of straightforwardness. Its data sharing focuses have been blamed for abusing AmericanRead MorePrison Reform Topic Paper : Prisons6604 Words   |  27 PagesLaw Review, 2010). Which approach is the most effective for a society that decides to punish? What do we do about those who commit crimes? This questions seems to have a more definitive answer in the US. The last four decades of American criminal justice have been shaped by the public appeal to get tough on crime (Colgan, 2006). Since the mid-1970s, the United States has engaged in a race to incarcerate that has resulted in a prison population expanded to a level previously unknown in any democraticRead MoreEssay on Criminological Theories13456 Words   |  54 PagesTheories of Law and Criminal Justice. Theories in this category attempt to explain how laws are made, and how the criminal justice system operates as a whole. Usefulness. This refers to the real world applications that the theory proposes or suggests, and the ability to implement those applications. Key Concepts 1. Theories are useful tools that help us to understand and explain the world around us. In criminology, they help us to understand the workings of the criminal justice system and the actors inRead MoreJu venile Crime Issues in Today’s Criminal Justice System18893 Words   |  76 Pagesaccused has these common law, constitutional, statutory, and humanitarian rights that may be threatened by technological advances and other developments:  ©  ©  ©  © chapter 15 Juvenile Justice chapter 16 Drugs and Crime chapter 17 Terrorism and Multinational Criminal Justice chapter 18 The Future of Criminal Justice These individual rights must be effectively balanced against these present and emerging community concerns: Widespread drug abuse among youth The threat of juvenile crime Urban gangRead MoreA Great Leader - The Messiah5208 Words   |  21 PagesTestament texts that point to the coming of the Messiah are traditionally interpreted from either the viewpoint of their New Testament fulfillment (evangelicalism) or their linguistic and grammatical distinctiveness within the Hebrew Bible (non-conservative). The Messiah in the Old Testament considers another important theology. It approaches Israel’s concept of the Messiah as a developing theme and shows how a proper grasp of the textual meaning at each stage of Old Testament revelation is necessaryRead MoreAll About Peace Education13195 Words   |  53 Pagesbetween peoples of the world. Though the world has changed over the past sixty years and continues to change at an ever increasing rate, UNESCO’s mission - a commitment t o promoting universal values of peace and nonviolence, human rights and social justice, intercultural dialogue and mutual understanding – persists with growing urgency. UNESCO’s approach to educating for peace is multidimensional, in that it links education with a range of activities that address the root causes of violence, from human

High Education Is A Prerequisite For A Middle Class...

â€Å" Higher education is a prerequisite for a middle-class lifestyle.† So how are students suppose to attend a four-year university if all financial aid is giving them is loans? That’s the question many middle-class students are asking themselves, and a question I had to ask myself as well. Being able to afford the university of my choice was not about to come easy. Imagine a girl in her senior year of high school with the hopes of going to a four-year university. She got accepted into every university she applied for, had leadership experience, working experience, and an abundant amount of community service. She had no mind of what her class was, or what it would do in effect to her dreams of attending the university of her choice. The financial aid letter some in the mail and she thinks she may get a pell grant or any funding from her guardian being a marine veteran. No, she only received loans. That girl was me and many other students who have dealt with this predicament. It is said that people earning a middle-class income end up paying 76 percent of their income to cover their student s tuition. Student loan debt, detrimental expenses, no financial aid, and trying to attend the college of your choice do not mix well in the same stew pot together. I learned this while I was planning to attend the university of my choice a month before my hig h school graduation. What I didn’t know was in this society our ascribed statuses are what make us or break us when it comes toShow MoreRelatedDisability Rights Legislation Addresses, Barriers, And Individuals With Disabilities776 Words   |  4 Pages such as the DDA in Britain and ODA(AODA) in Canada, there still remains the discrepancy in the application of pragmatic methods being done to persons with disabilities (Cameron 2014, 21). Despite advances in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1990), it was not until nearly two decades after had post-secondary programmes and accommodations were implemented/established under the Equality Act (2010). Access to services/benefits means acknowledging and representing a disabled identityRead MoreChapter 7 Quiz Answers1903 Words   |  8 PagesStratification can best be defined as _____. Select one: a. divisions created between groups of people in a society based on the social prestige accorded by a person’s occupation, lifestyle, or membership in certain organizations b. the unequal distribution of wealth that results from private ownership and people’s tendency to preserve surplus wealth rather than share it with others c. systematic inequalities between groups of people that arise as intended or unintended consequences of socialRead MoreGhetto Black America Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pagesrhymes about selling drugs, abusing women, and abandoning their responsibilities as men. You are all lost and a shame upon our people. Your values are decrepit; your values are out of sync with the norms of society. It amazes me how you promote a lifestyle that only leads to incarceration, broken families, and mass ignorance yet the youth still gravitates towards your message like its the blue print to success. A lot of our men are a shadow of what they should be. A lot our men have failed their womenRead MoreProstitution Is Morally Wrong And Should Be Eradicated From Society1673 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent style of life-work balance. From dealing with judgmental teachers to faking orgasms before the kids get home from school, it is one of the difficulties of living a double life. people seem to look at them d ifferently, just because of the lifestyle they live; wish is morally wrong. As a child, it is sad to see your mom work as a prostitute. you start to get inbarrist to be seeing with her. wondering how can she allow herself to sleep with so many men. you start to believe that she doesn tRead MoreStruggle Of Funding During The Nineteenth Century Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesRush spoke in favor of a public education system, unfortunately it wasn’t established until the nineteenth century. Moving forward, the United States public schools funding comes from the state, the federal government, and local communities. The appropriation of these funds varies according to several factors; however, the federal government only gives a fraction of these funds compared to the local and state governments. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in the United StatesRead MoreSocio Economic Growth Of India1354 Words   |  6 Pagesincome inequality gap bringing diversification away from the traditional farm. A rise of information argues that such a growth in inequality could affect the fabric of village society (Himanshu 2013). By the year 2030 half the population of low- and middle-income countries will live in urban areas (Nolan, 2015). The question is whether India is making significant progress towards developing an economy that offers more inclusive economic growth? In the late 1970s India introduced economicRead MoreSociological Perspective On Self Identity1627 Words   |  7 PagesSociology 10 4 October 2017 Sociological Autobiography Introduction Sociology was never something that I considered when it came to understanding how I became to be the person that I am today. However, through the concepts that were taught in this class, it became evident that social forces have been an essential part of my development as an individual. As I reflected back on my life, there were two distinctive aspects in which I believe have been the most influential elements to my personal growthRead MoreAmerica Is A Melting Pot1709 Words   |  7 Pagesbegan to amalgamate into the melting pot, thereby adopting the American lifestyle. Many would dispute that assimilation or Americanization was more so the process of stripping one’s identity to preserve or maintain the American culture. Assimilation in the Unites States was designed to conserve the prevalence of the English language during the early years of the American society. Certainly, speaking English was a prerequisite of becoming an American thereby conforming to the Anglo-American c ultureRead MoreHistory of Physical Education2545 Words   |  11 PagesPREFACE To provide a meaningful background of physical education and sport in modern society it is helpful to have a clear understanding of its role in the past and how it emerged. The purpose of this assignment is to outline the history of physical education since time immemorial. The text begins with the beginning of the humankind engaging in physical activities, showing the history of physical education and sport being a rich tapestry of people, places, events and social forces from early civilizationRead MoreThe Hegemonic Concept Of Hegemony Essay2078 Words   |  9 PagesEpisode 12) . Instead ,as Arthurs argues, the four women are empowered by the opportunities presented through the contemporary social structure, examining the sexual relationships and satisfaction through singlehood and independence , which is a prerequisite for the repudiation of the notion that being single and socially active is shameful (2010).Consequentially, the protagonists’ decision that it is better to be single than in an unhappy relationship (Season 2, Episode 16), manages to resonate with

Funding of US Biomedical Research

Question: Discuss the contrast and compare the health care system of two different countries? Answer: Introdcution The variations present in the UK and US healthcare system are greatly depending upon the financial strength and political culture of individual country. The popularity of health care delivery system and financing is not only due to the worldwide necessity for healthcare, but also because of different style of care delivery systems and funding around the globe. Health care is considered as a popular topic for current and future generations, based on social and political culture. It is frequently seen that access to health care services is highlighted on news and other television programs, political promises and social group discussions. This implies that the people of the United States are coming nearer to insisting better reach to healthcare services (McCarthy, 2014). A general misconception is present among the American public that is the United Kingdom offers free health care services. In general speaking, the national health care services offer care services primarily based on the citizen taxation. The Americans consider augmented governmental involvements in the health care set up; hence, it is necessary to understand how this can be accomplished and its effect on the societies. According to Gass and Bezold (2013) information access, service quality and funding costs are the main components of health care system. The World Health Organization has stated that each and every individual should obtain care services without any economical constraint. According to the global health care service report, the UK makes the maximum spending in health care and social care services. The UK makes the maximum payment for nursing staffs, by providing work for almost 101nurses per 10,000people (Kumarasamy and Sanfilippo, 2015). The UK and the US have close cultural and historical ties, but in the context of health care, both these countries are considerably different. As they greatly differ from each other, both the countries can learn from one another to build up better sy stems and policies and thus develop health care service to their citizens. This paper will compare and contrast between the UK healthcare system and the US healthcare system. This paper will include organizational analysis, quality of individual system and funding (BBC News, 2015). The statements will be supported by proper evidence ad examples. The aim of this article is to identify the opportunities, advantages from relative strengths and correct or avoid limitations inherent in individual system. Body The UK health care system The Department of Health is said to be a government body accountable for the National Health Service in England. The objectives of The Department of Health involve overall improvement and wellbeing of the residents of England (Hollnagel, Braithwaite and Wears, 2013). This is accomplished by supporting, guiding and leading the National Health Service and the organizations associated with social care, to give high quality health services and to give options to the care consumers and importance to taxpayers. The US health care system The US health care services can be either private or either public. Public health care included a role of the government or the public. The government and public agencies offer health care in disease prevention, health promotion, reporting, communicable disease monitoring and control of the environmental factors, like: water and air quality and also public health data analysis. The UK funding An NHS care consumer when uses an NHS service, like: acute care trust, PCT etc, they use so without any cost. It is vital to note that the subsystems of NHS and associated providers obtain compensation for taking care of the NHS patients and the compensation is not obtained directly from the patients during treatment. NHS compensation is supported by general taxation. The NHS is made up of government employees, hence the provider compensation is generally in the form of bonus or salary and funding is depend on contract between the NHS and the provider (Head et al., 2014). It was estimated that there was 8.3% of total GDP expenditure was used on healthcare and public expenditure was 14.5% (Nhs.uk, 2015). This data represented that few occurrences are present where public do make a payment toward purchasing health care services and products. Few NHS services are not free. The health department enforces flat charges to NHS patients, for certain products, like optical, dental and pharmac eutical services and products. The US funding Many parties and entities are involved in sponsoring the US health care system. Almost 44% of health care GDP is paid out by the public or government funds and hence, almost, 56% of GDP associated with health care is paid out by private parties. Current data shows that health care expenses have reached almost US $2.8 trillion in the year 2011 (Dorsey, 2010). Due to this increase, it is vital for the US health care managers and US public to recognize how this care set up is funded to contribute to the clarification of this constantly rising problem. According to Hussey et al. (2004) one of the most special characteristic features of the US health care industry is its reliance on agency associations that is when individual party operates in support of another (Hussey et al., 2004). For example: a health insurance company works as a mediator for its member while dealing out compensations for health services. Third party payers give reimbursement for health care facility, whether its an employer group, a public plan or others. They pay for their members. The two agencies that are responsible for compensating for the healthcare services offered by the US are the patients and organizations. Conclusion Though the health care associated funding in the UK is controlled by the government and funding in the US is controlled by public and private agencies, both are only made achievable by public contribution. The basic differences are government involvement level and voluntary contribution versus mandatory taxation. The UK offers access to the health care services to all using an equally run health care delivery system to the United States, whereas, the US is facing economical burden. Hence, the US has significantly failed in offering Americans with reasonable healthcare services and instruction on the effect this has on the financial system. So, ultimately it can be recommended that the US health care system is more effective. References BBC News, (2015).NHS satisfaction 'risen significantly'. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-31018004 [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Dorsey, E. (2010). Funding of US Biomedical Research, 2003-2008.JAMA, 303(2), p.137. Head, M., Fitchett, J., Holmes, A. and Atun, R. (2014). Funding healthcare-associated infection research: a systematic analysis of UK research investments, 19972010.Journal of Hospital Infection, 87(2), pp.84-91. Hollnagel, E., Braithwaite, J. and Wears, R. (2013).Resilient health care. Farnham, Surrey, UK England: Ashgate. Hussey, P., Anderson, G., Osborn, R., Feek, C., McLaughlin, V., Millar, J. and Epstein, A. (2004). How Does The Quality Of Care Compare In Five Countries?.Health Affairs, 23(3), pp.89-99. Kumarasamy, M. and Sanfilippo, F. (2015). Breaking down silos: engaging students to help fix the US health care system.Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, p.101. McCarthy, M. (2014). Health system report ranks UK first, US last.BMJ, 348(jun17 25), pp.g4080-g4080. Nhs.uk, (2015).What is NHS continuing healthcare? - Health questions - NHS Choices. [online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/2392.aspx?CategoryID=68 [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015].

The Yellow Wallpaper9 Essay Example For Students

The Yellow Wallpaper9 Essay In the grips of depression and the restrictions prescribed by her physician husband a woman struggles with maintaining her sanity and purpose. As a new mother and a writer, and she is denied the responsibility and intellectual stimulation of these elements in her life as part of her rest cure. Her world is reduced to prison-like enforcement on her diet, exercise, sleep and intellectual activities until she is â€Å"well again†. As she gives in to the restrictions and falls deeper into depression, she focuses on the wallpaper and slides towards insanity. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a story written from a first-person perspective about a young woman’s mental deterioration during the 1800’s and the adverse affects of the restriction place on her. The setting of the story is a colonial mansion in the country rented for the summer by the narrator’s husband while she is treated for her â€Å"nervous condition†. As the story progres ses and the narrator describes her surroundings the setting focuses from the mansion and surrounding gardens to a bedroom in the mansion and finally on the wallpaper in the bedroom. This narrowing focus of the setting directly parallels the narrator’s mental deterioration. Gilman’s emphasis on the complex symbolism of the wallpaper illustrates the narrator’s depression and the adverse affects of limited intellectual activity which, in this case, leads to insanity. We will write a custom essay on The Yellow Wallpaper9 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At the beginning of the story, the narrator confides that she may not be well, but she disagrees with the prescribed treatment for her â€Å"nervous depression† when she states:Personally, I disagree with their ideas. Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good. Clearly the narrator is opposed to the restrictions placed on her, but feels powerless to do anything about it. During this period (late 1800 – early 1900’s) it was common for physicians to treat depression with the â€Å"rest cure† of complete bed rest and limited intellectual activity. Therefore, despite her opposition to the treatment the narrator adheres to the restrictions with the exception of covertly writing in a journal about her feelings, daily routine and the mansion. Her initial focus is on the mansion, the surrounding gardens and the bedroom chosen for her during her stay. When her focus eventually settles on the wallpaper in the bedroom and she states, â€Å"I never saw a worse paper in my life. One of those sprawling, flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin† (Gilman 260). As the narrator resigns herself to her intellectual confinement, she begins to see more details in the wallpaper pattern. This can be seen as the slow shift from the connection to her family, friends and colleagues to her focus inward as she sinks deeper into depression. She describes that â€Å"—I can see a strange, provoking, formless sort of figure, that seems to skulk about behind that silly and conspicuous front design† (Gilman 262). As she focuses inward, sinking deeper into her depression the figure in the wallpaper takes shape and she states that, â€Å"There are things in that paper that nobody knows but me, or ever will† (Gilman 264). And she begins to describe the form of a woman behind the wallpaper pattern, â€Å"Sometimes I think there are a great many women behind, and some times only one, and she crawls around fast, and her crawling shakes it all over† (Gilman 268). Gilman guides the reader deeper into the narrowed focus of the narrator as she begins to lose her sanity and her life becomes obscure while the wallpaper form becomes animated. The narrator associates herself with the wallpaper form towards the story’s end and is driven to rid herself of the confines of the â€Å"top pattern† so that she is free to â€Å"creep around as I please† (Gilman270). At this point in the story the narrator has lost her sanity, and is living in the wallpaper-world she is imagining. Ironically, the wallpaper that she hates at the beginning of the story finally becomes the perimeter of her existence. The â€Å"bar† like pattern serves to keep her in when she fears going outside, but also confines her when she wants to â€Å"creep† around the bedroom. The narrators secures her perceived freedom when she successfully removes the wallpaper from most of the room and says, â€Å"I’ve got out at last,† said I, â€Å"i n spite of you and Jennie. And I’ve pulled off most of the paper, so you can’t put me back!† (Gilman 271). .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2 , .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2 .postImageUrl , .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2 , .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2:hover , .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2:visited , .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2:active { border:0!important; } .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2:active , .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2 .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9ec59de17913d2b2efec9217d6d461c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: RMS Titanic EssayThe correlation in this story between the narrator and the wallpaper is that as the narrator loses her sanity and intellectual connection to her world she becomes more conscious of, and connected to, the wallpaper. The focus of her surroundings is narrowed to the point that she exists only in the bedroom, fearing the outdoors and limiting her contact with other people. The wallpaper provides the foundation for her fantasy world and represents breaking away from the confinement of her prescribed treatment and the loss of her sanity. The narrator is unable to fulfill her intellectual needs, whether it is by writing, interacting with friends and family, or ex periencing changes in her prescribed daily routine. The wallpaper develops details and animation as the story progresses and symbolizes the confinement, struggle and acceptance of one woman’s struggle with debilitating depression. Bibliography:Works CitedGilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. In Heath Literature for Composition. Toronto: D.C. Heath and Company, 1990.

Supreme Court Case of Tinker v. Des Moines

Supreme Court Case of Tinker v. Des Moines The 1969 Supreme Court case of Tinker v. Des Moines found that freedom of speech must be protected in public schools, provided the show of expression or opinion- whether verbal or symbolic- is not disruptive to learning. The Court ruled in favor of Tinker, a 13-year-old girl who wore black armbands to school to protest Americas involvement in the Vietnam War. Fast Facts: Tinker v. Des Moines Case Argued: November 12, 1968Decision Issued:  February 24, 1969Petitioners: John F. Tinker and Christopher EckhardtRespondent: Des Moines Independent Community School DistrictKey Question: Does prohibiting the wearing of armbands as a form of symbolic protest while attending a public school violate students First Amendment rights?Majority Decision: Justices Warren, Douglas, White, Brennan, Stewart, Fortas, and MarshallDissenting: Justices Black and HarlanRuling: Armbands were deemed to represent pure speech and students do not lose their First Amendment rights to freedom of speech when they’re on school property. Facts of the Case In December 1965, Mary Beth Tinker made a plan to wear black armbands to her public school in Des Moines, Iowa, as a protest to the  Vietnam War. School officials learned of the plan and preemptively adopted a rule that prohibited all students from wearing armbands to school and announced to the students that they would be suspended for breaking the rule. On December 16, Mary Beth and more than two dozen other students arrived at their Des Moines high, middle, and elementary schools wearing black armbands. When the students refused to remove the armbands, they were suspended from school.  Eventually, five of the older students were singled out for suspension: Mary Beth and her brother John Tinker, Christopher Eckhardt, Christine Singer, and Bruce Clark. The fathers of the students filed a suit with a U.S. District Court, seeking an injunction that would overturn the schools armband rule. The court ruled against the plaintiffs on the grounds that the armbands might be disruptive. The plaintiffs appealed their case to a U.S. Court of Appeals, where a tie vote allowed the district ruling to stand. Backed by the ACLU, the case was then brought to the Supreme Court. Constitutional Issues The essential question posed by the case was whether the symbolic speech of students in public schools should be protected by the First Amendment. The Court had addressed similar questions in a few previous cases, three of which were cited in the decision. In Schneck v. United States (1919), the Courts decision favored restriction of symbolic speech in the form of anti-war pamphlets that urged citizens to resist the draft. In two later cases, Thornhill v. Alabama in 1940 (about whether an employee may join a picket line) and West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette in 1943 (whether students may be forced to salute the flag or recite the pledge of allegiance), the Court ruled in favor of First Amendment protection for symbolic speech. The Arguments Attorneys for the students argued that the school district violated the students right of free expression and sought an injunction to prevent the school district from disciplining the students. The school district held that their actions were reasonable ones, made in order to uphold school discipline. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed the decision without opinion. Majority Opinion In  Tinker v. Des Moines,  a vote of 7–2 ruled in favor of Tinker, upholding the right to free speech within a public school. Justice Fortas, writing for the majority opinion, stated that It can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate. Because the school could not show evidence of significant disturbance or disruption created by the students wearing of the armbands, the Court saw no reason to restrict their expression of opinion while the students were attending school. The majority also noted that the school prohibited anti-war symbols while it allowed symbols expressing other opinions, a practice the Court considered unconstitutional. Dissenting Opinion Justice Hugo L. Black argued in a dissenting opinion that the First Amendment does not provide the right for anyone to express any opinion at any time. The school district was within its rights to discipline the students, and Black felt that the appearance of the armbands distracted students from their work and hence detracted from the ability of the school officials to perform their duties. In his separate dissent, Justice John M. Harlan argued that school officials should be afforded wide authority to maintain order unless their actions can be proven to stem from a motivation other than a legitimate school interest. The Impact Under the standard set by Tinker v. Des Moines, known as the Tinker Test, student speech may be suppressed if it amounts to a 1) substantial or material disruption or 2) invades the rights of other students. The court said, where there is no finding and no showing that engaging in the forbidden conduct would materially and substantially interfere with the requirements of appropriate discipline in the operation of the school, the prohibition cannot be sustained.   However, three important Supreme Court cases since Tinker v. Des Moines have significantly redefined student free speech since that time: Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser (7–2 decision handed down in 1986): In Washington state in 1983, high school student Matthew Fraser delivered a speech nominating a fellow student for student elective office. He delivered it at a voluntary school assembly: Those who declined to attend went to a study hall. During the entire speech, Fraser referred to his candidate in terms of an elaborate, graphic, and explicit sexual metaphor; the students hooted and hollered back. Before he gave it, two of his teachers warned him that the speech was inappropriate and if he gave it he would suffer the consequences. After he delivered it, he was told he would be suspended for three days and his name would be removed from the list of candidates for graduation speaker at the schools commencement exercises.   The Supreme Court ruled for the school district, saying that students are not entitled to the same latitude of free speech as adults, and the constitutional rights of students in a public school are not automatically coextensive with the rights of students in other situations. Further, the judges argued that public schools have the right to determine what words are deemed offensive and therefore prohibited in schools: the determination of what manner of speech in the classroom or in school assembly is inappropriate properly rests with the school board.   Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (5–3 decision handed down in 1988): In 1983, the school principal of Hazelwood East High School in St. Louis County, Missouri, removed two pages from the student-run newspaper, The Spectrum, saying that the articles were inappropriate. Student Cathy Kuhlmeier and two other former students brought the case to court. Instead of using the public disruption standard, the Supreme Court used a public-forum analysis, saying that the newspaper was not a public forum since it was part of the school curriculum, funded by the district and supervised by a teacher.   By exercising editorial control over the content of student speech, the Court said, the administrators did not infringe the students First Amendment rights, as long as their actions were reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns. Morse v. Frederick (5-4 decision handed down in 2007): In 2002, Juneau, Alaska, high school senior Joseph Frederick and his classmates were allowed to watch the Olympic Torch Relay pass by their school in Juneau, Alaska. It was the school principals Deborah Morses decision to permit staff and students to participate in the Torch Relay as an approved social event or class trip. As the torchbearers and camera crews passed by, Frederick and his fellow students unfurled a 14-foot long banner bearing the phrase BONG HITS 4 JESUS, easily readable by the students on the other side of the street. When Frederick refused to take the banner down, the principal forcibly removed the banner and suspended him for 10 days. The Court found for the principal Morse, saying that a principal may consistent with the First Amendment, restrict student speech at a school event when that speech is reasonably viewed as promoting illegal drug use. Online Activity and Tinker Several lower court cases explicitly referring to Tinker concern online activity of students and cyberbullying, and are making their way through the system, although none have been addressed on the Supreme Court bench to date. In 2012 in Minnesota, a student wrote a Facebook post saying a hall monitor was mean to her and she had to turn over her Facebook password to school administrators in the presence of a sheriffs deputy. In Kansas, a student was suspended for making fun of his schools football team in a Twitter post. In Oregon, 20 students were suspended over a tweet claiming a female teacher flirted with her students.  There have been many other cases in addition to these. A cyber-bullying case in North Carolina- in which a 10th-grade teacher resigned after students created a fake Twitter profile portraying him as a hyper-sexualized drug addict- led to a new law (N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann.  §14-458.1) which criminalizes anyone using a computer to engage in one of several specified prohibited behaviors.  Ã‚   Sources and Further Information Beckstrom, Darryn Cathryn. State Legislation Mandating School Cyberbullying Policies and the Potential Threat to Students Free Speech Rights Vermont Law Review 33 (2008–2009): 283-321. Print.Chemerinsky, Erwin. Students Do Leave Their First Amendment Rights at the Schoolhouse Gates: Whats Left of Tinker? Drake Law Review 48 (2000): 527-49. Print.Goldman, Lee. Student Speech and the First Amendment: A Comprehensive Approach Florida Law Review 63 (2011): 395. Print.Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier Oyez (1988)Johnson, John W. Behind the Scenes in Iowa’s Greatest Case: What Is Not in the Official Record of Tinker V. Des Moines Independent Community School District. Drake Law Review 48 (2000): 527-49. Print.Morse v. Frederick Oyez (2007)Sergi, Joe. Obscenity Case Files: Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District. Comic Book Legal Defense Fund, 2018.  Smith, Jessica. Cyberbullying. North Carolina Criminal Law 2010. Web.Tinker v. Des Moines Independen t Community School District. Oyez (1968). Wheeler, David R. Do Students Still Have Free Speech in School? The Atlantic April 7, 2014. Print.Zande, Karly. When the School Bully Attacks in the Living Room: Using Tinker to Regulate Off-Campus Student Cyberbullying. Barry Law Review 13 (2009): 103-. Print.

Network Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Network Management - Essay Example Network management tools can also help in providing security to the systems. A network management tool known as "The Multi Router Traffic Grapher" is used to monitor the traffic load on all the network links. Emails are also monitored to delete spam and virus-infected emails at server itself and also to ensure that attachments are not too heavy to clog the rest of the system. Another network management tool "Nagios", which is a network and server monitoring system is also used. Nagios helps monitor network services, processor load, system logs, disk usage, etc. and is capable of providing email and SMS notifications as well. Nagios also allows proactively resolving problems by defining event handlers. To summarize, network management tools can help a network manager understand when any component of the network is about to fail or has already failed, or whose security has been compromised (e.g. through a viral attack), when the traffic has reached its peak, and most importantly, to know that everything is working fine. Structure of Management Information (SMI) is a component that is used in network management and provides the rules required in network management. It is based on object definition language known as Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) and operates in Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It "defines the general rules for naming objects, defining object types (including range and length), and showing how to encode objects and values" (Yang, n.d.). However, SMI does not define the number of objects that an entity should manage. It also does not define the names of the objects that are to be managed. Also, it does not define the how the objects and their corresponding values will be associated. A managed object has the following three attributes: a. Name: The name of the object known as the object identifier (OID) is used to uniquely define a managed object. There is no restriction on the type of name - it can be human readable or it could be numeric like an IP address. The naming convention of these managed objects is based on the ASN.1 naming scheme as mentioned earlier, which is hierarchical in nature. So an object identifier is made up of a series of integers separated by dots. These series is based on the nodes in the tree and is hierarchical. The figure below shows an example of an object identifier. As can be seen from the figure, the management branch (i.e. mgmt in the figure) defines a standard set of internet management objects (hierarchically above mgmt) and is named as iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt or 1.3.6.1.2. b. Type and syntax: ASN.1 is machine, OS and language independent method for describing data types and rules that define how data will be transmitted over the network. The data-types are described in brief below: Type Size Description INTEGER 4 bytes An integer with a value between -231 and 231 - 1 Integer32 4 bytes Same as INTEGER Unsigned32 4 bytes Unsigned with a value between 0 and 232 - 1 OCTET STRING Variable Byte-string up to 65,535 bytes long OBJECT IDENTIFIER Variable An object identifier IPAddress 4 bytes An IP address made of four integers Counter32 4 bytes An integer whose value can be incremented from zero to 232; when it reaches its maximum value it wraps back to zero Counter64 8 bytes 64-bit counter Gauge32 4